Down-Regulated microRNA-192-5p Protects Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage via Regulation of YAP1-Mediated Hippo Signaling Pathway

Neurochemical Research - Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a familiar neurological disorder. Emerging reports manifest that microRNAs (miRs) are related to the progression of HIBD. The goal...     

Plant Hormone Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Dwarf and Wild-type Banana

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR) are indispensable in the process of plant growth and development. Currently, research on the regulatory...     

Structures of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alert noteworthy sites for the potential approaching variants

Highlights
1 Deletion of residues 156–157 warps the neighboring beta-sheet and leads NTD and RBD to shift.
2 T859N stabilizes the packing of the 630 loop motif to make RBD standing transition more difficult.
3 The overall structures of the closed state S complex from different variants resemble each other.
4 Mutations in FPPR may affect the overall structure of the trimeric spike protein.     

丁香北京瘿蚊的生物学特性研究

丁香北京瘿蚊Pekinomyia syringae Jiao & Kolesik以幼虫在北京丁香Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis和暴马丁香Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis叶片内隐蔽为害,为害严重时导致寄主提前落叶。通过林间调查和室内试验,对其生活史、习性研究发现,该瘿蚊在北京1 a发生1代,以老熟幼虫在表土层结茧越冬。3月初越冬幼虫开始化蛹,成虫羽化盛期为3月底至4月初,成虫不需补充营养,有趋黄性,卵孵化期为4月上中旬,4-10月幼虫为害,10月老熟幼虫脱离叶片在表土层结茧越冬。本研究结果为该虫的综合防治提供了防治基础。     

环境条件对双叉犀金龟成虫存活及繁殖的影响

双叉犀金龟Allomyrina dichotoma是一种重要的森林资源昆虫,本文研究了环境温度（20℃、23℃、26℃、29℃、32℃）及菌糠含水量（35%、45%、55%、65%）对双叉犀金龟成虫寿命及子代数量的影响。结果表明,双叉犀金龟雌雄虫寿命均随温度的升高呈显著缩短,20℃~26℃下雌虫寿命在55~62 d之间,显著长于29℃~32℃处理;20℃~23℃下的雄虫寿命在33~48 d之间,显著长于26℃~32℃处理;环境温度及菌糠含水量均对双叉犀金龟成虫子代数量有显著影响,26℃时,4个菌糠含水量处理的平均子代数量为31.42 头/雌,显著高于其它温度处理,菌糠含水量55%~65%时,5个温度处理的平均子代数量为18.83~19.12 头/雌,显著高于其它菌糠含水量处理,其中以温度26℃、菌糠含水量55%处理的双叉犀金龟子代数量最高,达45.42 头/雌。各温度下双叉犀金龟繁殖子代数量均随时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势,各温度下产卵繁殖的高峰时间存在明显差异。在26℃时,双叉犀金龟各时间段子代数量均高于其它温度,在35~45 d时,达到产卵高峰期（12.33 头/雌）,综合各指标,建议利用菌糠饲养双叉犀金龟时,其成虫最佳环境条件为26℃,菌糠含水量55%。     

Transient expression of a TaGRF4-TaGIF1 complex stimulates wheat regeneration and improves genome editing

Science China Life Sciences - Genome editing is an unprecedented technological breakthrough but low plant regeneration frequencies and genotype dependence hinder its implementation for crop...     

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Transgenesis of the Masu Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) elovl2 Gene Improves n-3 Fatty Acid Content in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Marine Biotechnology - Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), play a very important role in...     

Endocytic protein Pal1 regulates appressorium formation and is required for full virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae

Endocytosis plays key roles during infection of plant-pathogenic fungi, but its regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we identified a putative endocytosis-related gene, PAL1, which was highly expressed in appressorium of Magnaporthe oryzae, and was found to be important for appressorium formation and maturation. Deletion of PAL1 significantly reduced the virulence of M. oryzae due to defects in appressorial penetration and invasive growth in host cells. The Pal1 protein interacted and colocalized with the endocytosis protein Sla1, suggesting it is involved in endocytosis. The Δpal1 mutant was significantly reduced in appressorium formation, which was recovered by adding exogenous cAMP and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Moreover, the phosphorylation level of Pmk1 in Δpal1 was also reduced, suggesting Pal1 functions upstream of both the cAMP and Pmk1 signalling pathways. As a consequence, the utilization of glycogen and lipid, appressorial autophagy, actin ring formation, localization of septin proteins, as well as turgor accumulation were all affected in the Δpal1 mutant. Taken together, Pal1 regulates cAMP and the Pmk1 signalling pathway for appressorium formation and maturation to facilitate infection of M. oryzae.     

水稻种子内生泛菌(Pantoea spp.)系统发育多样性及其促生功能

【目的】Pantoea菌株是广泛分布在自然界中的一类功能多样的细菌。本研究对分离自水稻种子内生的Pantoea菌株进行系统发育分析及功能评价,从而确定分类地位、种类多样性、分布特征及功能特性。【方法】采用乙醇-次氯酸钠联合灭菌方法进行水稻种子的表面灭菌,进行内生细菌的分离与纯化;其次将纯化后的菌株进行16Sr RNA基因PCR扩增及序列分析,通过MEGA7软件构建系统发育树;将分离得到的菌株进行功能实验检测,如溶磷、产IAA、产铁载体、拮抗病原真菌等特性,最后检测菌株的溶血性;水稻分型采用SSR方法,并对水稻农学性状如分蘖数、株高、植株重及产量进行调查。【结果】本研究对分离自8个不同基因型水稻种子中的146株内生Pantoea菌株进行系统发育分析及功能评价,结果发现所分离到的泛菌菌株主要属于Pantoea dispersa、Pantoea agglomerans、Pantoea cypripedii以及Pantoea brenneri四个种,其中P. dispersa的菌株数量最多,分布最广,并且存在于所有的8个水稻种子样品中。对其中66株菌进行功能检测,发现86.3%和69.7%的菌株具有溶磷和产IAA能力,有7株菌具有产铁载体能力,未发现对真菌病害Fusarium moniliforme有拮抗作用的菌株,并发现3株菌具有溶血性;本实验未发现泛菌组成与水稻系统发育及农学性状存在明显的相关性。【结论】本研究首次对水稻种子中泛菌的多样性及其功能进行报道,发现不同基因型的水稻种子所含Pantoea种类及组成存在差异,种子选择性地积累了Pantoea类群,大部分菌株具有一定的促生特性。该研究结果有助于进一步探究微生物与植物的共进化、种子微生物的传播途径及作用方式。     

The regulatory network mediated by circadian clock genes is related to heterosis in rice

Exploitation of heterosis in rice(Oryza sativa L.) has contributed greatly to global food security.In this study,we generated three sets of reciprocal F1 hybrids of indica and japonica subspecies to evaluate the relationship between yield heterosis and the circadian clock.There were no differences in trait performance or heterosis between the reciprocal hybrids,indicating no maternal effects on heterosis.The indica-indica and indica-japonica reciprocal F1 hybrids exhibited pronounced heterosis for chlorophyll and starch content in leaves and for grain yield/biomass.In contrast,the japonica-japonica F1 hybrids showed low heterosis.The three circadian clock genes investigated expressed in an above-high-parent pattern(AHP)at seedling stage in all the hybrids.The five genes downstream of the circadian clock,and involved in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways,were expressed in AHP in hybrids with strong better-parent heterosis(BPH).Similarly,three of these Research Arfive genes in the japonica-japonica F1 hybrids showing low BPH were expressed in positive overdominance,but the other two genes were expressed in additive or negative overdominance.These results indicated that the expression patterns of circadian clock genes and their downstream genes are associated with heterosis,which suggests that the circadian rhythm pathway may be related to heterosis in rice.